Strokes: Not knowing the signs may be fatal Published May 6, 2010 By Natalie Henderson 82nd Medical Support Squadron SHEPPARD AIR FORCE BASE, Texas -- Strokes are the third leading cause of death in the United States. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of a stroke is the key to saving brain cells and improving recovery. The American Heart Association has special protocols for medical and surgical interventions that can help, if a person discovers a stroke situation early enough. There are two types of strokes caused by plugs or leaks: Plugs are the most common types of stroke and account for approximately 85 percent of stroke cases. Plugs are caused by blood clots and pieces of plaque which block arteries in the brain. The person suffering an attack has a better chance of recovery if they are treated in time. Persons who have symptoms must use clot busting drugs within two hours from the time the symptoms start. The second most common type of stroke is caused by leaks. These strokes are caused by hemorrhages from breaks in brain arteries. People who suffer this type of stroke usually have poorer outcomes and are commonly associated with poorly controlled blood pressures. There are several stroke symptoms to look for, including: weakness or paralysis of one side numbness on one side slurred speech or wrong words used sudden blindness in one eye sudden onset of dizziness clumsy walking altered consciousness If a person is experiencing these symptoms they need to call 911 immediately and get to a hospital emergency department. To reduce the risk of strokes follow these instructions: When diagnosed with high blood pressure take the prescribed medications and keep it controlled. Do not smoke cigarettes. Keep cholesterol well controlled. If a person has Diabetes Mellitus they need to maintain tight control of their blood glucose. Stay within the normal range of body weight based on height. Exercise regularly.